BIBLICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Monday, October 29, 2018

Who Were the Horite Hebrew?

Horus unites the peoples.

Alice C. Linsley

The mysterious 'Apiru were known also as the Hapiru or Habiru. Habiru is rendered "Hebrew" in English Bibles. These people are the oldest known caste of ruler-priests. In the ancient Egyptian language nibit piru means "lady of the house."

The earliest known references to this group of people are found in ancient Sumerian cuneiform tablets. Ancient Egyptian literature also mentions the 'Apiru. The Habiru are mentioned in the Amarna Letters, a collection of 14th century B.C. letters. The Harris papyrus also speaks of the 'Apriu of Ra at Heliopolis (biblical On), a very prestigious ancient Sun city. Joseph married Asenath, the daughter of the priest of On.

Plutarch wrote that the “priests of the Sun at Heliopolis never carry wine into their temples, for they regard it as indecent for those who are devoted to the service of any god to indulge in the drinking of wine whilst they are under the immediate inspection of their Lord and King. The priests of the other deities are not so scrupulous in this respect, for they use it, though sparingly.”

The Hebrew priests were unique in the ancient world and greatly respected. Therefore, they were sought as servants of the early high kings who constructed palaces and royal temple complexes at what the Bible terms "high places."

The Hapiru served in the ancient Sun temples and shrines. These were build at high elevations near major sources of water. A temple was the mansion (hâît) or the house (pirû) of the god, so Ha'piru refers to those who served at the god's house. The ancient Dravidians referred to their East-oriented temples as Opiru, meaning "Sun House."

The Habiru priests were to meet certain requirements while on duty. They wore only linen or clothing made from plants. Clothing made from animals was not permitted. This is one of the differences between the priest and the shaman. They shaved their heads and bodies daily. Cold water baths were taken several times a day. They practiced sexual abstinence before and while serving at the temple or shrine.

Evidence of the religious devotion and ubiquitous presence of the Horite Hebrew is reflected in the many place names that are associated with Horus: Haryana means "Horus is the vehicle." Harappa means "Horus is Father" in Dravidian. In southern India, it was the custom to build temporary fire altars in the shape of a falcon, the totem of Horus. According to the Shulba Sutras, this is the sign for those who desire heaven: "he who desires heaven is to construct a fire-altar in the form of a falcon."

Because the "piru" housed the deity, only the priest was permitted to enter the most sacred area of the temple. The people prayed at the gate or in the court. They directed their prayers toward the rising Sun, the emblem of the Creator and his Son. Their ruler-priest acted as a mediator between the people and God.

The term "Habiru" does not designate a tribal group, but rather a caste of priests who were dispersed among widely in the service of the Mighty Men of Old (Genesis 10). These are the first known potentates or High Kings. Among them were the Kushite kingdom builder Nimrod, who is probably Sargon.

Among the Habiru there were different groups, depending on the deity they served. Abraham's Hebrew people were devotees of the High God whose son was called Horus. Thus they are called "Horite" Hebrew. Some of their rulers are listed in Genesis 36.

The priests of Ani/Enki (Mesopotamian) or Ra/Horus (Nilotic) were identified as Horite Hapiru. They spread their devotion to Horus, the son of God, across the ancient Afro-Asiatic Dominion. In The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid and Coffin Texts we find fascinating details about Horus. He was said to be co-equal with the Father and to die and rise on the third day.

Horus was conceived by the overshadowing of the Sun. That is shown in this image of his mother, Hathor. According to Luke 1, the Virgin Mary conceived by divine overshadowing.

The offspring of the Woman of Genesis 3:15 is called the "Seed." Some argue that Jesus never claimed to be the Messiah, the Son of God. However, he identified himself as the Seed when he told his disciples that he was going to Jerusalem to die. "The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. I tell you the truth, unless a kernal/grain/seed of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds." (John 12:23)

The Messianic expectation of Genesis 3:15 was expressed about 1000 years before the Psalms in the ancient Pyramid Texts. "Horus has shattered (tbb, crushed) the mouth of the serpent with the sole of his foot (tbw)" Utterance 388

Consider how Horus describes himself in the ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts (148):

I am Horus, the great Falcon upon the ramparts of the house of him of the hidden name. My flight has reached the horizon. I have passed by the gods of Nut. I have gone further than the gods of old. Even the most ancient bird could not equal my very first flight. I have removed my place beyond the powers of Set, the foe of my father Osiris. No other god could do what I have done. I have brought the ways of eternity to the twilight of the morning. I am unique in my flight. My wrath will be turned against the enemy of my father Osiris and I will put him beneath my feet in my name of ‘Red Cloak’.

Here we find the words of Psalm 110:1, a clear messianic reference: The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”

Horus unites the peoples.This is why he is said to wear the double crown. "Then take silver and gold, and make crowns [ataroth], and set them on the head of Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest..." Zechariah 6:11

The ruler-priest Yeshua (Joshua/Jesus) wears the double crown as a sign that he unites the peoples. The double crown was worn by the rulers of a united Nile Valley. The red crown (desher) represents Lower Nile (Egypt) and the white crown (nefer) represents Upper Nile (ancient Nubia). After the unification of the Upper and Lower Nile regions the two crowns were joined to represent a unified Egypt.

The Horite Hebrew believed that heavenly recognition of a people depended on the righteousness of their ruler-priest. Therefore purity of life was highly valued. The proof of heavenly recognition and acceptance was the resurrection of the dead ruler-priest on the third day.

The New Testament speaks about Jesus as the ruler-priest. He is the firstborn from the grave and by his resurrection He delivers to the Father a "peculiar people." He leads us in the ascent to the Father where we receive heavenly recognition because we belong to Him.

Heavenly recognition for the Horite Hebrew was never an individual prospect. Heavenly recognition came to the people through the righteousness of their ruler-priest. Horite rulers took this seriously, some more than others. The best were heavenly minded and the worst were so earthy minded that they shed much blood enlarging their territories. All failed to be the Ruler-Priest who rose from the dead. Therefore, none have the power to deliver captives from the grave and to lead them to the throne of heaven (Ps. 68:18; Ps. 7:7; Eph. 4:8). The evidence of a long-standing Tradition points to the Son of God, Jesus, who alone fits the pattern of Messianic expectation.

Tuesday, October 23, 2018

Decoding the Longevity of the Genesis Rulers

Hieroglyphic Numbers

Alice C. Linsley

In his Homilies on the Psalms, St. Jerome notes: "I am reviewing carefully the places in Scripture where I might find old age mentioned for the first time. Adam lived for 930 years, yet he is not called an old man. Methuselah's life was 969 years, and he is not called an old man. I am coming down all the way to the flood, and after the flood for almost three thousand years, and I find no one who has been called old. Abraham is the first, and certainly he was much younger than Methuselah." (HP 21)

Jerome's observation is significant. Abraham was old, probably about 75 years at his dead. This was a long lifespan for people living about 5000 years ago. Paleopathology indicates that the lifespan of ancient peoples living in an area extending from North Africa to Turkey and Mesopotamia was about 34 years. This applies to peoples in the Late Paleolithic - 30,000 to 9,000 B.C., the Mesolithic - 9,000 to 7,000 B.C. and the Early Neolithic - 7,000 to 5,000 B.C. This would apply to all the rulers listed in Genesis, although rulers tended to live longer than the average people.

One might argue that the patriarchs enjoyed extraordinary longevity by divine providence. Were this the case we would want to know why God’s providence is limited to a specific time, people and place. In other words, the singularity of the extraordinary longevity of these patriarchs is a miracle and therefore beyond scientific explanation. While I believe in miracles, I find this explanation unlikely and without biblical support.

As St. Jerome noted, the only patriarch said to have died at an old age was Abraham (Gen. 24:1, 25:8). This means that the number of years attributed to the Genesis rulers are not to be taken as literal years. They appear to represent ideas about these people and are symbolic.

This is supported by the assignment of 930 years to Adam, an anti-type of Jesus Christ. Paul wrote: “For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive. But each one in his own order: Christ the first fruits, afterward those who are Christ’s at his coming. Then comes the end, when He delivers the kingdom to God the Father…” (1 Corinthians 15:22-24a)

The number 9 is the last number before beginning the 1-10 counting cycle again. The 3 represents unity of body, mind and soul, and the unity of the Godhead. The symbolism of the zero is likely linked to the solar cycle and has numerical symbolism older than Gematria which has no notation for zero.

Gematria is influenced by Greek sacred geometry and is found in Plato’s writings. Doubtless, Plato was influenced by the geometry of Pythagoras, since he had studied in Egypt, but Pythagoras’ work came much later than the period in which Abraham’s ancestors lived.

In Gematria, numeric values are found by adding the numeric values of the Greek or Hebrew letters. But the numbers in the Genesis King lists are not based on the letters of the Greek or Hebrew alphabets, since these alphabets didn’t exist in Abraham’s time. The number symbolism is likely based on an older system, but it does not help us to understand the symbolism of Kenan's 910 years, Seth's 600 years and Adam’s 930 years because it has no notation for zero and because it is based on alphabets which were unknown to the ancient Horite Hebrew.

In Gematria the sum of Methuselah's 969 days would be represented by the numerical values of the Greek letters omega and stigma, letters unknown to Abraham and his ancestors. Ultimately, Gematria is not helpful in interpreting the number symbolism of Abraham’s Horite Hebrew people.

It is fairly certain that the meaning of the extraordinary numbers in Genesis 4 and 5 is linked to astronomical observations of the ancient astronomer priests who were in the service of the Mighty Men of Old, but there is still much to be learned about this.

It may be that we have to look to the earlier Nilotic solar symbolism. In Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, the zero is a solar symbol and the emblem of the creator God, called Ra ("Ani" in Akkadian). The solar symbol O might signify the divine status of the ruler or it could indicate a solar year of 365 daily cycles.

The ancient Nilotes and the Egyptians had a large inventory of solar symbolism because of their religious understanding of the High God whose emblem was the Sun. Their main ideogram for "Sun" was a representation of the solar disk, such as this:

Is it possible that the zero is simply a solar symbol? The O is for modern thinker a place holder, but it may have represented the sum of the days in a solar cycle, that is 3+6+5 =14 years. Kenan's 910 might be 91+14 = 105 years. Seth's 600 might be 6+14+14 = 44. Adam's 930 years might be 9+3+14 = 26 years.

These are reasonable spans for ancient rulers. However, what are we do with ages that do not have any 0's? Consider Methuselah's son, Lamech the Younger. He is said to have lived 777 years. Did he live only 21 years?

The matter is further complicated by the discrepancy between the various recensions. Lamech the Younger is assigned different numbers. In the Septuagint he is said to have lived 753 years. In the Samaritan Pentateuch, he is said to have lived 653 years, and in the Masoretic Text he is said to have lived 777. No other man in the Genesis king lists has such a discrepancy in the number of years assigned.

The term "Lamech" is a variant of the Akkadian word la-melech, meaning "priest of the King." Hundreds of seals have been found inscribed with la-melech. La-melech seals typically had the image of a scarab (dung beetle) or a sun disc. Both were emblems of the Creator and his Son. The sun disc and scarab were used as a royal seal by the Kings of Judah. Hezekiah's seal is an example.

Friday, October 19, 2018

INDEX of Topics at Biblical Anthropology

Learn to read the Bible through the lens of cultural anthropology and you will never read it the same way again. If you are new to this research, it would be helpful to begin with these articles:

Biblical Anthropology is the Work of Christians
The Bible and Science (4-part series)
The Social Structure of the Biblical Hebrew (7-part series)

INDEX (Current as of 30 October 2018)